Summary: Researchers developed a blood test that can predict the onset of knee osteoarthritis up to eight years before it is visible on X-rays, highlighting an ability to detect critical biomarkers and offering a potentially transformative tool for early diagnosis and management of the disease.
Takeaways:
- The blood test can identify molecular signs of knee osteoarthritis years before structural changes become apparent on X-rays, providing an opportunity for earlier intervention.
- The test has demonstrated high accuracy rates: 74% for predicting knee osteoarthritis progression and 85% for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis.
- By detecting osteoarthritis at an earlier stage, this test could allow for timely treatments that might slow disease progression and minimize joint damage, improving patient outcomes.
A blood test successfully predicted knee osteoarthritis at least eight years before tell-tale signs of the disease appeared on x-rays, Duke Health researchers report.
Blood Test for Osteoarthritis Biomarkers
In a study appearing April 26 in the journal Science Advances, the researchers validated the accuracy of the blood test that identifies key biomarkers of osteoarthritis. They showed that it predicted development of the disease, as well as its progression, which was demonstrated in their earlier work.
The research advances the utility of a blood test that would be superior to current diagnostic tools that often don’t identify the disease until it has caused structural damage to the joint.
“Currently, you’ve got to have an abnormal x-ray to show clear evidence of knee osteoarthritis, and by the time it shows up on x-ray, your disease has been progressing for some time,” says senior author Virginia Byers Kraus, MD, PhD, a professor in the departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Orthopedic Surgery at Duke University School of Medicine. “What our blood test demonstrates is that it’s possible to detect this disease much earlier than our current diagnostics permit.”
Identifying Knee Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, afflicting an estimated 35 million adults in the U.S. and causing significant economic and societal impacts. While there are currently no cures, the success of potential new therapies could hinge on identifying the disease early and slowing its progression before it becomes debilitating.
Kraus and colleagues have focused on developing molecular biomarkers that can be used for both clinical diagnostic purposes and as a research tool to aid in the development of effective drugs. In previous studies, the blood biomarker test demonstrated 74% accuracy in predicting knee osteoarthritis progression and 85% accuracy in diagnosing knee osteoarthritis.
The current study further honed the test’s predictive capabilities. Using a large United Kingdom database, the researchers analyzed serum of 200 white women, half diagnosed with OA and the other half without the disease, matched by body mass index and age.
Blood Biomarkers for Knee Osteoarthritis
They found that a small number of biomarkers in the blood test successfully distinguished the women with knee osteoarthritis from those without it, catching molecular signals of OA eight years before many of the women were diagnosed with the disease by x-ray.
“This is important because it provides more evidence that there are abnormalities in the joint that can be detected by blood biomarkers well before x-rays can detect OA,” Kraus says. “Early-stage osteoarthritis could provide a ‘window of opportunity’ in which to arrest the disease process and restore joint health.”
In addition to Kraus, study authors include Shuming Sun, Alexander Reed, Erik J. Soderblom, M Arthur Moseley, Kaile Zhou, Vaibhav Jain, Nigel Arden, and Yi-Ju Li.
Further reading: New Blood Test is More Accurate in Identifying Osteoarthritis Progression
The study received funding support from National Institutes of Health (R01-AR071450 and P30-AG028716).
