Summary: WHO has invited manufacturers of mpox in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) to submit expressions of interest for Emergency Use Listing (EUL), aiming to expand access to critical testing in response to rising cases in Africa.
Takeaways:
- Urgent Need for Diagnostics: WHO’s call for EUL submissions highlights the urgent need for effective mpox diagnostics, particularly in low-income regions like Africa, where cases are surging.
- Expanded Testing Capacity: Efforts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have quadrupled testing rates in 2024, with new labs equipped to handle the outbreak of the Ib viral strain.
- Global Health Response: The EUL procedure will accelerate access to diagnostic tests, enabling countries to strengthen laboratory capacity, improve case detection, and prevent further spread of mpox.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has asked manufacturers of mpox in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) to submit an expression of interest for Emergency Use Listing (EUL).Â
WHO has been in ongoing discussions with manufacturers about the need for effective diagnostics, particularly in low-income settings. The request for EUL expressions of interest by manufacturers is the latest development in these discussions.
Improving Mpox Testing Efforts
Testing is key for people to get treatment and care as early as possible and prevent further spread. Since 2022, WHO has delivered around 150,000 diagnostic tests for mpox globally, of which over a quarter have gone to countries in the African Region. In the coming weeks, WHO will deliver another 30,000 tests to African countries.
With as many as 1,000 suspected cases reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo alone this week, the demand for diagnostic tests is on the rise. In this heavily affected country, WHO has worked with partners to scale up diagnostic capacity to respond to the upsurge of cases. Since May 2024, six additional labs have been equipped to diagnose mpox, enabling a decentralization of testing capacity from major cities to affected provinces. Two of these labs are in South Kivu, selected to respond to the outbreak of the new viral strain, called Ib. Thanks to these efforts, testing rates have dramatically improved in the country, with four times as many samples tested in 2024 so far as compared to 2023.
WHO has also updated its diagnostic testing guidance to detect the new virus strain and is working with countries to roll it out. Earlier, WHO issued target product profiles to guide manufacturers in the development of new diagnostic tests.
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, PhD, declared on Aug. 14, 2024, that the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and in a growing number of countries in Africa constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the International Health Regulations (2005).
Manufacturers of IVDs are now asked to submit available quality, safety, and performance data to WHO as soon as they can. IVDs are tests done in laboratories to detect a pathogen. Detection of viral DNA by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing is the gold standard for mpox diagnosis. It detects the virus’s DNA in samples taken from skin lesions, such as fluid or crusts from vesicles or pustules. Testing of blood is not recommended for routine diagnosis and antibody detection methods may be used for retrospective case classification but not for diagnosis.
Further reading: Roche Enhances Response to Mpox Outbreak with Advanced Diagnostic Tests
Request for EUL Expressions
Through the EUL procedure, WHO can approve medical products such as vaccines, tests, and treatments for use, evaluating the acceptability of using specific products for time-limited procurement in emergency situations. The process aims to assist countries, which have not approved the medical products through national approval processes, to procure the critically needed products such as tests through UN agencies and other partners.
Mpox is an illness caused by the monkeypox virus, a species of the genus Orthopoxvirus, that can be transmitted to humans through contacts with someone who is infectious, with contaminated materials, or with infected animals.
Expanding access to diagnostic services is urgently needed as tests are essential to critical measures such as strengthened laboratory capacity, improved case investigation, contact tracing, surveillance data collection, and timely reporting. As a package, these help countries identify chains of transmission, detect cases early, prevent further spread, and monitor the virus in real-time. The establishment of Emergency Use Listing procedures for mpox diagnostic tests will help advance towards this goal.
